How Brazil joined the quest for a yellow fever vaccine. Interview by Claudia Jurberg and Julia D'Aloisio..

Vaccinating in disease-free regions: a vaccine model with application to yellow fever.

Concerns regarding natural or induced emergence of infectious diseases have raised a debate on the pros and cons of pre-emptive vaccination of populations under uncertain risk. In the absence of immediate risk, ethical issues arise because even smaller risks associated with the vaccine are greater than the immediate disease risk (which is zero). The model proposed here seeks to formalize the va...

Yellow Fever Outbreaks in Unvaccinated Populations, Brazil, 2008–2009

Due to the risk of severe vaccine-associated adverse events, yellow fever vaccination in Brazil is only recommended in areas considered at risk for disease. From September 2008 through June 2009, two outbreaks of yellow fever in previously unvaccinated populations resulted in 21 confirmed cases with 9 deaths (case-fatality, 43%) in the southern state of Rio Grande do Sul and 28 cases with 11 de...

Lineage-Specific Real-Time RT-PCR for Yellow Fever Virus Outbreak Surveillance, Brazil

The current yellow fever outbreak in Brazil prompted widespread yellow fever virus (YFV) vaccination campaigns, imposing a responsibility to distinguish between vaccine- and wild-type YFV-associated disease. We developed novel multiplex real-time reverse transcription PCRs that differentiate between vaccine and American wild-type YFV. We validated these highly specific and sensitive assays in a...

Yellow Fever Vaccination: An Issue for Non-endemic Tropical Countries

Reactogenicity of Yellow Fever Vaccines in a and Collaborative Group for the Study of Yellow Fever Vaccines*

*The name of the Collaborative Group for the study of Yellow Fever vaccines is listed in the end of the article. Abstract Objective To compare the reactogenicity of three yellow fever (YF) vaccines from WHO-17D and Brazilian 17DD substrains (different seed-lots) and placebo. Methods The study involved 1,087 adults eligible for YF vaccine in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Vaccines produced by Bio-Mangu...